REZUMAT
Urmare a pronunţării Deciziei Curţii Constituţionale a României cu nr. 601/2020 cu privire la neconstituţionalitatea prevederilor art. 164 alin. (1) C. civ. privind măsura de ocrotire a persoanei fizice prin punerea sub interdicţie, legiuitorul a intervenit, adoptând Legea nr. 140/2022 prin care a reglementat modalităţile de ocrotire a persoanelor fizice al căror discernământ a fost lezat de o dizabilitate intelectuală sau psihosocială. Modificările aduse sunt diverse şi de substanţă, atât pe planul dreptului material, cât şi pe cel al dreptului procesual, fiind reglementate trei măsuri de ocrotire a persoanelor fizice aflate într-o stare de vulnerabilitate ca urmare a unei dizabilităţi intelectuale sau psihosociale: asistenţa majorului, consilierea judiciară sau tutela specială. Măsurile au fost aşezate într-un cadru care permite aplicarea lor proporţională şi subsidiară, în conformitate cu gradul de lezare a discernământului. Aplicarea concretă a acestor măsuri şi realizarea dezideratului urmărit prin adoptarea Legii nr. 140/2022 necesită în continuare intervenţii la nivelul legislaţiei secundare (norme de punere în aplicare a legii), precum şi conturarea unei practici judiciare în noul context normativ.
Cuvinte-cheie: discernământ, tutela specială, ocrotire, dizabilitate, interdicţie.
MODIFICATIONS APPORTEES A LA PROTECTION DE LA PERSONNE PHYSIQUE A LA SUITE DE L’ENTREE EN VIGUEUR DE LA LOI N° 140/2022 RELATIVE A CERTAINES MESURES DE PROTECTION DES PERSONNES AYANT DES DEFICIENCES INTELLECTUELLES ET PSYCHOSOCIALES
RÉSUMÉ
À la suite de l’arrêt n° 601/2020 de la Cour constitutionnelle de Roumanie, déclarant l’inconstitutionnalité des dispositions de l’article 164, alinéa (1) du Code civil relatives à la mise sous interdiction comme mesure de protection de la personne physique, le législateur est intervenu en adoptant la Loi n° 140/2022, qui régit les modalités de protection des personnes dont le discernement est altéré en raison d’un handicap intellectuel ou psychosocial. Les modifications apportées sont diverses et substantielles, tant en matière de droit substantiel que de procédure civile, la Loi consacrant trois mesures de protection applicables aux personnes physiques en situation de vulnérabilité due à un handicap intellectuel ou psychosocial: l’assistance du majeur, le conseil judiciaire et la tutelle spéciale. Ces mesures ont été insérées dans un cadre permettant leur application de manière proportionnée et subsidiaire, en fonction du degré d’altération du discernement. La mise en oeuvre effective de ces mesures et la réalisation de l’objectif poursuivi par la Loi n° 140/2022 nécessitent encore des ajustements au niveau de la législation secondaire (normes d’application de la loi), ainsi que le développement d’une jurisprudence cohérente dans le nouveau cadre normatif.
Mots-clés: discernement, tutelle spéciale, protection, handicap, interdiction.
AMENDMENTS TO THE PROTECTION OF NATURAL PERSONS FOLLOWING THE ENTRY INTO FORCE OF LAW NO. 140/2022 ON CERTAIN PROTECTION MEASURES FOR PERSONS WITH INTELLECTUAL AND PSYCHOSOCIAL DISABILITIES
ABSTRACT
Following the pronunciation of the Decision of the Constitutional Court of Romania with no. 601/2020 on the unconstitutionality of the provisions of art. 164 par. 1 Civil Code on the measure of protection of the natural person by prohibition, the legislator intervened, adopting Law no. 140/2022, which regulated the ways of protecting individuals whose discernment was harmed by an intellectual or psychosocial disability. The changes made are diverse and substantial, both in terms of substantive law and procedural law, three measures being regulated to protect individuals in a state of vulnerability as a result of an intellectual or psychosocial disability: the assistance of the major, the judicial counseling or the special guardianship. The measures have been placed in a framework that allows for their proportional and subsidiary application, in accordance with the degree of damage to discernment. Concrete application of these measures and realization of the desideratum pursued by the adoption of Law no. 140/2022 further requires interventions at the level of secondary legislation (law enforcement rules) as well as shaping a judicial practice in the new regulatory context.
Keywords: discernment, special guardianship, protection, disability, prohibition.
Online:
