REZUMAT
Prezentul studiu analizează, pe de o parte, formele juridice pe care le îmbracă darurile oferite de logodnici unul altuia, precum şi cele care le‑au fost oferite de terţe persoane, subliniind, cu precădere, regimul lor juridic, dar şi implicaţiile practice. Fiind exceptate de la restituire, am scos în evidenţă caracteristicile principale ale darurilor obişnuite, precum şi criteriile de delimitare faţă de darurile ce pot face obiectul unei acţiuni în restituire.
Pe de altă parte, în încercarea de a creiona logodnei un tablou cât mai complet, ne‑am îndreptat atenţia şi asupra răspunderii civile delictuale pentru ruperea abuzivă a acesteia, analizând, în principal, teoria abuzului de drept, precum şi sintagma de „rupere abuzivă”, sub ambele sale modalităţi legislative prevăzute de alin. (1)‑(2) ale art. 269 C. civ., respectiv denunţarea abuzivă a logodnei şi determinarea culpabilă a ruperii acesteia. De asemenea, am identificat numeroase ipoteze practice, prin intermediul cărora am evidenţiat deosebirile dintre cele două, fiind propuse, în sprijinul teoreticienilor şi al practicienilor, o serie de concepte originale de înţelegere şi interpretare.
Cuvinte‑cheie: logodnă, daruri obişnuite, abuz de drept, ruperea logodnei, culpă.
LA RUPTURE DES FIANÇAILLES – ENTRE THÉORIE ET PRATIQUE JUDICIAIRE
RÉSUMÉ
Cet étude analyse, d’une part, les formes juridiques que peuvent prendre les cadeaux offerts par les fiancés l’un a l’autre et ceux qui leur ont été offerts par des autres personnes, en soulignant, notamment, le régime juridique de ces cadeaux et ses implications pratiques. Soyant exceptés de la restitution, on a sorti en évidence les principales caractéristiques des cadeaux habituels, mais aussi les critères de les départager des cadeaux qui peuvent faire l’objet d’une action en restitution.
D’autre part, en essayant de faire le tableau assez complet des fiançailles, on a analysé essentiellement, la responsabilité civile délictuelle en cas de rupture abusive des fiançailles, ayant en vue, principalement, la théorie de l’abus de droit, mais aussi le syntagme „rupture abusive”, sous les deux modalités législatives prévues par les alinéas (1)‑(2) de l’article 269 du Code civil roumain: le denoncement abusif des fiançailles et la provocation coupable de cette rupture. On a identifié, aussi, les nombreuses hypothèses pratiques du cas de rupture abusive de fiançailles, en mettant en évidence les différences entre les deux modalités. Au final on a proposé, pour les théoriciens et les praticiens du droit, une série de concepts originaux de compréhension et d’interprétation de ce syntagme.
Mots‑clés: fiançailles, cadeaux habituels, abus de droit, rupture des fiançailles, culpabilité.
BREAKING OFF THE ENGAGEMENT – BETWEEN THEORY AND PRACTICE
ABSTRACT
The present study examines, on one hand, the legal forms in which gifts offered by the fiancés to one another can present themselves, and gifts offered to them by third parties, in particular focusing on the applicable legal regime, as well as on the practical implications.
Being exempt from restitution, the primary characteristics of ordinary engagement gifts has been highlighted in this study, as well as the criteria based on which the aforementioned gifts can be delineated from those that can constitute the object of a claim in restitution.
On the other hand, while striving to depict a complete picture of the law institution that is the engagement, we also focused on the matter of civil liability in regards to abusively breaking off the engagement, mainly analyzing the abuse of law theory, as well as the meaning of „abusive break off” under both of its legal forms presented in Article 269 para. (1)‑(2) of the Civil Code – the abusive breaking off of the engagement and culpably causing the engagement to break off, providing in support of theorists and practitioners a series of original concepts of understanding and interpretation.
Keywords: engagement, ordinary gifts, abuse of rights, breaking off the engagement, blame.
* Judecător, Tribunalul Botoşani.
** Avocat, Baroul Iaşi.